Noiseless typewriter



March 8, 1955 H. c. YAEGER 2,703,641

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VMarch 8, 1955 A HQ C. YAEGER 2,703,641

' NOISELESS TYPEWRITER Filed Dec. 5, 1950 f 7 sheets-Sheet 2 HARRY c. VAEGER BY mi@ ATTORNEY March 8, 1955 H. c. YAEGr-:R

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Mrch 8, 1955 l H. c. YAEGER NoIsELEss TYPEWRITER 7 sheets-sheet 4' Filed Dec. 5, 1950- v INVENTOR. HARRV C. VAEGER TTORNE V H. C. YAEGER NOISELESS TYPEWRITER Malmh s, 1955 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Dec. 5, 1950 Y INVENTOR s HARRY C. VAEGE'? BY mfv:

ATTORNEY March 8, 1955 H. c. YAEGER NOISELESS TYPEWRITER Filed Dec. 5. i950 7 Shee'cs-Sheei'l 6 BY am@ ATTORNEY INVENTOR. HARRY C. VAEGER H. C. YAEGER NOISELESS TYPEWRITER Max-ch 8, 1955 '7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed Dec. 5, 1950 Il Q ffm/ENTOR. HARRY c. VAEGER ATTORNEY BY MMT United States Patent() N OISELESS TYPEWRITER Harry C. Yaeger, West Hartford, Conn., assigner to Underwood Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application December 5, 1950, Serial No. 199,306

36 Claims. (Cl. 197-17) This invention relates to typewriting machines in general and more particularly to such machines having type bearing elements which print by pressure contact with the writing material. The invention furthermore relates to power operating devices for type actions in general, but particularly to power operating devices for pressure printing type actions, and provision for case-shifting a system of such type actions rather than the support for the writing material. Although the various features of the invention all contribute towards providing an eilicient, quietly operating, power driven typewriting machine of the pressure printing variety, it -will be obvious that some of the features are not restricted to the environment of the other mechanism shown. For example, the actuating devices for the type bearing elements may be devoid of typing pressure producing means.

Certain features described herein and more particularly relating to case shift mechanism, are the subject of a divisional application, Serial No. 258,853, led November 29, 1951, now U. S. Patent No. 2,681,720.

The typing mechanism in the embodiment of the invention shown is of the general character disclosed in the patent to Helmond, No. 2,074,333, dated March 23, 1937. Namely, a plurality of type carriers are arranged in a semi-circular array in front of a platen and are guided to operate in converging planes to type at a common printing point, the nal movement of each type carrier being slow and effected under great pressure, quietly by means preferably comprising a momentum accumulator and a leverage multiplying means.

Manually operated typewriters made substantially in accordance with the stated Helmond patent and known as Noiseless machines, either of Underwood or Remington manufacture are in wide use where quietness of operation is the primary consideration, but such machines have the disadvantage that the type keys have a somewhat sluggish and hard touch which is objectionable to the average typist and reduces the operating eiciency. Also, in order to type capital case characters, a heavy carriage with heavy supporting structure needs to be case-shifted and the writing material, incidental to `such case-shifting, bobs up and down and subjects the operators eyes to objectionable strain. Furthermore, since the carriage case-shifts, the mechanism for controlling the elevation of the ribbon is necessarily more complex. These and other disadvantages are well known in connection with the stated Noiseless typewriters, and because each typing carrier has four type characters thereon which severally must print individually under equal pressure condition, and also Ibecause of the appreciable aggregate weight of the type carriers and related mechanism, it has long seemed out of the question to improve this type of machine to compare more favorably in the regards stated with impact printing typewriters,'and particularly in respect to providing for case-shift of the typing mechanism.

The great merits of providing type carriers with four types, namely two normal case and two capital case types, as employed in said noiseless machines, is well recognized, inasmuch as such construction makes possible an arrangement of the type ends of the carriers in a small arc very closely to the printing point. Thus -the type carriers, due to their very close proximity to the printing point, require a minimum of energy for operation, but what is more important, due to their short travel, relatively little kinetic energy becomes stored in these type carriers yduring operation toward the printing point, wherel,

2,703,641 Patented Mar. 8, 1955 fice fore they are capable of quick, shockless and noiseless deceleration in each typing stroke when the pressure printing phase of the operation is reached.

In cognizance of the above it has been an important object of the invention to build an eficient, rugged and economically manufacturable pressure printing typewriting machine having a case-shiftable type carrier system and embodying typeV carriers which bear each a plurality of normal case and a plurality of capital case types.

It is a more general object of the invention to provide etliciently operating typewriter of the pressure printing species which is operable with a minimum of mental and physical fatigue and yields high quality, uniform imprints.

It is another object of the invention to provide a typewriter comprising a system of converging pressure printing type carriers having each a plurality of individually selectable types, and the type carriers being arranged and guided to give normally a very open view to the typing Also an object is to provide etcient, low-cost power operating devices for type carriers that are arranged in converging relation in an arcuate system.

lt is a further object of the invention to provide a pressure typing system of type carriers and associated mechanism, in a form and structure rendering the type carriers case-shiftable efficiently as a unit, and to provide for uniform pressure imprints whether typing is effected in the lower case or the upper case position of the unit, the arrangement easing not only the strain on the operators eyes, but also the physical eiort.

Another object of the invention is to provide in connection with a system of case-shiftable pressure typing mechanisms which work in convergent planes and embody efcient momentum storing and pressure furnishing devices, simple and efficient key-responsive power operating devices which have always the same operating effect for printing by any of the types and particularly also regardless of whether typing is done by any of the lower or upper case types.

In connection with the foregoing objects it is also an object to provide certain parts of the power operating devices, including a continuously operating power member, on the frame.

A more specific object of the invention is to provide a system of type carriers, the individual carriers of which embody each two lower case and two upper case types, one of the lower case types normally capable to be brought to the printing position in response to operation of one character key by movement of the carrier through one path, and the other lower case type normally capable to be brought to the printing position in response to the operation of another character key by movement of the carrier through another path, the system of type carriers being efficiently case-shiftable from a lower case to an upper case position collectively, so that then, due to the differential paths provided for the type carriers, one of the upper case characters is operable to printing position in response to the operation of one of the character keys and so that then the other upper case character is operable to printing position in response to the operation of the other character key, the type carriers being operable in either case position of the system under control of a usual complement of type keys.

In conjunction with the last-noted object, it is a further object to provide eiciently for equal printing pressure and accurately located impressions in regard to typing by any one of the four types on each type carrier.

It is another object of the invention to provide an etticiently operative typewriter of the stated species, comprising, a set of type carriers bearing each two normal case and two capital case types, said carriers movable in convergent planes against the front side of a platen, and normally situated lower than heretofore and being each operable to diiferent levels under control of two type keys for selection of appropriate types, wherefore a more open, and thus more restful view of the writing line is provided.

in connection with the last noted object it is a further object to-support the type carriers on a case-shiftable l body which normally occupies a low position to provide maximum vision to the printing point during typing` of lower case characters, said body with the type carriers being case-shiftable to a higher position for typing upper case characters, and the mechanism providing equal con ditions for pressure printing by either the normal case or the capital case types.

Another object is to provide for a substantially hori- Zontal system of convergingly arranged type actions, simple, low-cost power operating devices having uniform operating effect for printing by any of the types.

It is also an object to provide a fast and quietly acting, efficient power case-shift mechanism.

Still another object is to provide a case-shift mechanism which will operate with a minimum of applied operating energy, fast and noiselessly.

Other objects and features will be in part obvious and in part pointed out particularly as the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention proceeds.

Referring now to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation through the middle of the machine of the invention, showing a pressure typing mechanism supported'on a case-shiftable body, and showing further power operating means for said pressure typing mechanism,

Figure 2 is a perspective illustration of a ribbon vibrating mechanism of conventional form used in the machine,

Figure 3 is a sectional plan view showing the left half of a typing mechanism unit or body with yprovision for case-shiftably pivoting it in the framework of the machine,

Figure 4 is a view illustrating in full right-hand side elevation a power case-shifting mechanism in its normal idle condition, and showing a sectional cut-back to the middle of the machine illustrating the pivotally case-shiftable body with typing mechanism thereon, all parts being in their normal positions,

Figure 5 depicts in side elevation a central type action operated to bring a lower one of two normal case types into printing position against the platen,

Figure 6 is a side elevation depicting in enlarged aspect a comparison of certain operating parts of different type actions,

Figure 7 is a side view showing a type action actuator at the end of its power stroke and in the process of being disconnected from a toothed power roll,

Figure 8 depicts in side elevation a central type action operated to bring an upper one of two normal case types to the printing position,

Figure 9 is a perspective illustration of the case-shiftable typing mechanism supporting body and the manner in which it is pivotally nested in the framework of the machine,

Figure 10 is a fractional side elevation showing the case-shiftable typing mechanism supporting body shifted to capital case position by a power mechanism,

Figure 10a illustrates two parts of a spring device seen in Figure 10,

Figure ll is a side elevation of a centrally disposed type carrier with certain related parts in nearly fully operated state, illustrating certain novel geometrical conditions which provide for equal strength and quality pressure imprints by any one of the four types on the type carrier,

Finally, Figure l2 shows a type block in enlarged aspect with phantom line indications of certain geometrical considerations.

Directing now more particularly attention to Figure l, the main framework of the machine comprises spaced side plates 18 rigidly connected by various cross members including a trackway 19. On said trackway there is guided a work supporting carriage 20 having spaced end plates 21 connected by a rail 22, the latter being guided for letter-feeding and return travel on the trackway 19, through the medium of anti-friction elements 23. A platen 24 is turnably carried upon the end plates 21 of the carriage, and feed rolls 25 are arranged to cooperate with the platen for work sheet feeding action.

Between the side plates 18 of the frame there is accommodated, case-shiftably, a typing mechanism supporting body which is generally designated by the reference numeral 30 and best seen in Figures 3 and 9. Said body or unit 30 includes a cast, open frame 31 having united 4 therewith, as by screws 32, at each lateral end thereof an end plate 33. From each of said end plates 33 projects laterally a stud 34 having pivotal bearing 1n a bushing 35 that is fast in the adjacent side plate 18 of the machine frame. The said studs 34 afford a case-shift axis for said case-shift body 30 and such axis extends parallel to the platen and is located to satisfy certain geometrical considerations which will be explained later.

The typing mechanism on the body comprises flat type carriers which are arranged in a semi-circular array in front of the platen and guided individually on the body to travel in various planes which are all convergent on a theoretical line 41, see Figures l and 1l, such line being contained commonly with the printing point in a plane transverse to the platen which defines the center of the type action system and is indicated in Figure 3 by a line 42. The various type carriers 40, of which there are 11 to each side of the indicated central plane 42, are variously guided in their assigned working planes at three separated points, a lower comb member 43, see Figures l, 3 and 9, by provision of slots 44 therein, furnishing for each type carrier one point of guidance, and a dual comb member by provision of front and rear slots 46, 47, respectively furnishing guidance at the two additional points. Both comb members 43 and 45 comprise parts of the case-shiftable unit or body 30, the comb member 45 being in the form of a semi-circular top casting fastened upon the open frame 31 by screws as at 48, and the comb member 43 being fastened in nested relation to an arcuate bridge portion of the said open frame 31.

Similarly as in the stated Helmond patent every one of the type carriers 40 has four types on the end thereof which face the platen. Two of these four types are designated by the numeral 51 and are normal case types, and two other of these types are capital types and are designated by the numeral 51C the suffix C signifying that they are capital types. The two uppermost types 51 and 51C and the two lowermost types 51 and 51C are provided on separate type blocks 52. It is to be observed that in comparison with prior Noiseless machines and to an end which will become significant later herein, the order of the normal case and capital case types 51 and 51C on each of the type blocks 52 has been reversed.

Similarly as in the stated prior machines there are for every one of the type carriers 40 two related character keys 54. Guiding mechanism is provided in association with each type carrier 40 so that normally in response to the depression of one of the related type keys such type carrier 40 will move in a prescribed path on the caseshift body 30 to print by the normal case type 51 of the upper type block S2, and so that in response to thc depression of the other related type key the same type carrier will move in a different prescribed path on the body 30 to print by the normal case type 51 of lower type block, this being evident from Figure l. if the case-shift body 30 is in a raised, that is capital case position, then the selective movement of the type carrier through the same two prescribed paths on the body 30 under control of the stated two character keys will bring respectively the capital case type 51C of the upper type block or the capital case type 51C of the lower type bloclltoto the printing point, this being evident from Figure The guiding mechanism whereby this varied path travel of the type carriers 40 on the body 30 is controlled comprises for each type carrier near its type bearing end, a guide arm 55 having a pivotal connection therewith, and comprises farther away from said type bearing end, another guide arm 56 having articulation with the type carrier by means of a pivot stud at 57. The various arms 55 and 56 associated with the individual carriers 40 are arranged to operate substantially in the general planes thereof. ln the embodiment of the invention shown, each arm S6 pivots at its lower end on a center 58 which is stationary on the case-shift body, whereas the arm 55 pivots at its lower end on a stud 60 which incidental to typing under control of one 0f the two related type keys 54 will remain stationary on the body 30, as seen in Figure 8, but which incidental to typing under control of the other related type key 54 will be elevated to a higher position on the body 30, as seen in Figure 5.

`Before describing the manner in which the location of of a series of laterally adjacent key levers 61. All the key levers 61 are pivoted on a common pivot rod 62 provided in a cross member 63 of the machine, said cross member being slotted as at 64 for accommodation of the key levers in laterally spaced relation. Each of the key levers 61 is urged upwardly by a spring 65 to occupy normally the position seen in LFigure 1.

Above each of the key levers 61, extending parallel thereto in the same general plane is a power actuator 66 in the form of a link, such actuator being pivotally at tached at its front end to an upright arm 67, and the rear end carrying pivotally a snatch pawl 68 and beirig urged upwardly and rearwardly by a spring 74 to occupy normally the position seen in Figure 1. In this normal position all pawls 68 are posed free of and above a power drive member 70 common thereto. The latter is in the form of a toothed power shaft which extends transversely of the machine and is rotated continuously by electric motor power in the direction of the arrow while the machine is in use. The various arms 67 are all identical and pivoted on a common, straight pivot rod 71 provided on a cross member 72 of the frame and having laterally spaced guide slots 73 for the arms 67. Said arms, by abutting below the pivot rod 71 against the cross member 72, see Figure l, are gaged in their normal, rest positions, and such positions are normally prevailing under the influence of the springs 74 which are associated with the actuators' and have an upward and rearward urge thereon. Furthermore, the snatch pawls 68 of the actuators normally bear upwardly against abutment bar 75 and are free of the rotating power member 70. The various springs 74 are anchored on a sheet metal bar 76 having a down-V wardly reaching portion 77 provided with guide slots for the rear ends of the actuators 66. The various key levers- 61 have each mounted thereon an upreaching finger 81 having a hook end 82 overlying a lug 83 on the associated actuator 66. 'Said fingers 81 have each capacity for upward and for rearward yield on the supporting key lever 61, a spring 84 tending to maintain the normal relation of the iinger on the key lever as seen in Figure l. Upon depression of any key lever 61, the hook end 82 of the associated finger, by downward action on a lug 83 on the associated actuator 66, will lower the snatch pawl 68 to move it into the orbit of the teeth of the power shaft 70. After imparting an initial, limited pivotal movement to the snatch pawl 68 the power shaft gives the pawl 68 and actuator a forward stroke. In the course of this forward stroke, as depicted in lFigure 7, a tail 85 of the actuator 68 rides into the path of one of the teeth of the power shaft 70 and there consequently results automatically an upward displacement of the actuator 66 which will free the snatch pawl from the power member 70. After dissipation of the momentum acquired by the actuator 66, the latter is pulled by the spring 74 rearwardly to the normal, idle position seen in Figure 1.

Thus it will be seen that in response to operation of any of the keys 54 an associated actuator 66 and associated arm 67 will receive `a single reciprocation. Furthermore, if the operator tarries on the key, the lug 83 on the actuator 66, at the conclusion of the reciprocation of the latter, will contact the front of the hook end 82 of the. iinger 81 and will displace the latter against the tension'of the spring 84 idly rearwardly. If then the key is released, the stated hook end 82 will snap forwardly over the lug 83 under the urge of the spring 84, this rendering the actuator 66 again operable by the key into motion-receiving relation with the toothed power shaft 70. Obviously due to the stated arrangement, each actuator 66 will reciprocate only once in response to each operation of its associated key 54.

The mechanism whereby each type carrier 40 is operated through one or the other of the two related power actuators 66, includes preferably a single train of driving means or connections, including motion governing means having a momentum accumulator, such single train of driving means being operable by either-of two trains of' connections leading from the two related actuators 66.'

6 Said single train driving means include each in the general plane of the related type carrier a lever 91 having a pivot at 92 on the case-shift body and comprising a broad rolling surface 93. Overlying the rolling surface 93 of each lever 91, in freely adjacent relation, are a lever 94 and a lever 95, see Figures 1 and 4 respectively. IThese levers 94 and 95 are respectively borne on pivot studs 96 and 97, both provided on the case-shift body. The two vlevers 94, 95 are arranged in oppositely thanking relation to the approximate general plane of the related type carrier 40. All of the levers 94, 95 have links 101 pivotally connected thereto at points which lie in an arc that is congruent with the system of type carriers 40. At their vlower ends, the links 101 are pivotally connected with Llever units 102 individually at points which also lie in an arc that is congruent with the system of type carriers, see Figure 3. The various lever units 102 comprise main arms 103 reaching graded distances rearwardly from a pivot plate 104 provided therefor on the case-shift body 30 to the stated points of connections with the links 101. The lever units 102 include also each an arm element 105 which is borne on the main arm 103 by means of a screw 106 and which is adjustable on the arm 103 pivotally Aabout'said screw 106 after loosening the latter. ITo facilitate the adjustment, an eccentric element 107 is turnable on the arm 103 against frictional resistance and straddled by a forked forward end of the arm element 105, said screw 106 being tightened after the eccentric 107 has been appropriately turned. The purpose of the twopart adjustable lever will be explained later. It will be noted from 'Figure 3 that all the arm elements 105 are of identical form and have each at their rear end a link 108 extending downwardly therefrom, the links being all identical and standing parallel to each other in a straight transverse row in the machine. At their lower ends the links 108 are connected to bell cranks 110 having each a rolling face 111 for rolling contact with one of the actuator operable arms 67. The bell cranks are pivoted on a common, straight pivot rod 114 which is borne on a cross member 115 of the main frame having guide slots for the bell cranks 110. iAs will be explained more specifically later, the links 108 are arranged to allow movement of the lever units 102 with the case-shift body 30.

The pivot plate 104 for the lever units 102 is secured at opposite ends to the spaced end plates 33 of the caseshift body 30. iAlso extending between said two end plates 33 and fastened thereto is a sheet metal member 116, see lFigures 3 and 9, having a transverse web 119 vertically slotted as at 117 to accommodate guidingly the lever units 102. Fastened upon said member 116 near its opposite ends, by a screw 118, is a comb member 121 affording additional guide slots 122 for said lever units 102 at the front of the pivot plate 104. The guide slots 117, 122 guide said lever units 102 to swing squarely about the axis of rotation afforded by the top edge of the pivot plate 104. The rear ends of the main lever arms 103 are to various degrees toed toward the middle of the machine to meet the associated links 101 approximately in the planes of the related levers 94 and 95.

It is required that the leverage conditions for actuat ing the various levers 94, 95 by the actuator 66 be uniform substantially, thereby to obtain uniformity of typing impressions. Inasmuch as the levers 103 are of graded I lengths as stated hereinabove, it is conceived to provide for appropriately graded degree of angular operation thereof to the end so that all their rear ends connected to the links 101 will receive equal operating strokes. This is accomplished by variously proportioning the rolling faces 111 of the bell cranks 110. Specifically referring to Figure 3 it will be seen that the illustrated lever- 103 nearthe center of the machine with respect to outermost lever 103 shown at the left requires a greater angular motion. Intermediate the two stated levers 103 the other levers 103 have angular motions of varying degree suited to the particular lever length. The intermediate lever 103 shown in Figure 3 obviously requires an angular motion of medium extent as compared with the other two levers shown. Referring to Figure 6 there are shown three bell cranks 110 having different rolling faces 111. The nearest shown bell crank 110 in Figure 6 is in train with the lever 103 shown in Figure 3 at the middle of the machine, the one shown rearmost is in train with the extreme left lever 103, and the remaining intermediate bell crank 110 is in train with the intermediate shown lever 103 in Figure V3. In connection with Figure 6..it will. beirealized thatztheforemost shown. bell.A crank 110.- receives:- amaximum. angular operating stroke: due. tofitstrollingface 111 coasting with the arm 67 at a relativelygreat distance. from the pivot of the latter. The two other bell cranks 110 illustrated behind the stated foremost bell crank 110 receive by reason of the differ.- cntlyarranged rolling faces 11,1 thereon such progressively shorter operating strokes as are required for the rear. ends of the', levers 103 to move equally. The contour of `therolling faces. 111, furthermore, is individually designedfor all the rear ends of the levers 103 to operate with substantially equal motion accelerating effect. While only three of the bell cranks 110 are shown in Figure-6, itis to-be understood that intermediate those shown there-areothers withappropriately graded rolling faces 111. From the aforesaidity will be seen that the motion imparted to any of the links 101 at operation of any actuator 66 in train therewith, willbe substantially the same and of equal characteristic. For return of the various operating, trains for the levers 94, 95, there are springs. 123 active upon the front ends of the various levers 103. These springs 123 are all'anchored on a bar 124 which is rigidly borne on the front of the pivot plate 104.l

The stated single. train of driving means for each type carrier includes, besides the operating lever 91 a toggle comprising atoggle link 130 havingconnection with the type carrier 40 by means of the same pivot stud 57 which also serves as a joint between the carrier 40 'and the guide arm 56. The toggle further comprises a toggle member 131 which has one end pivotally joined with the toggle link 130 at 132 and which has another end pivotally carried at 133 on the case-shiftbody 30. All the toggles are normally in folded condition as seen in Figure 1', so

that their associated. type carriers 40 are all in rest position in a curved array in front of the platen 24 centered about the reference line 42. For straightening the individual toggles 130; 131, by operation of' their associated levers 91, thereby to drive the type carrier 40 toward printing position, each of said levers 91 has an upreaching arm 134 which by means of a link 135 is connected to the toggle member 131. Integral with each link 135` and forming an' extension thereof is a momentum accumulator 136. It will be understood that the various elements 134, 135, 131, 130 of the single train driving means for each type carrier are substantially in its operating plane. The details of construction of thestated'elements 134', 135, 130, 131 may be substantially the sameas disclosed in the patent to Going,

No. 1,573,544, dated February 16, 1926.

The levers 95' have each a notch 140 which in cooperation with a, pin' 141 on the case-shift body 30 establishes for the lever 95 the opposite limits* of movement. Limits of movement are also provided for each of the levers 94 iti-that each' such lever has a pin and slot connection 143 with a lever 142` and'in that the swinging movement of the latter lever is oppositely limited by a pin 144 carried on-the case-shift body 30-and reaching into a perforation in the lever 142. In Figures and4 8 the levers 94 and 95 respectivelyare shown operated to their full limit. In the operation of either of these levers 94 or 95 the relatedactive power actuator 66 becomes automaticallyl freed from the power roll 70 slightly before full limit. position is reached. However, the momentum acquired' by the operated lever 94V or 95, and connected parts, is sufficient to causel full lever movement. This is illustratedin Figure 5 with reference to the levery 94, and it isto be observed alsothat the operated actuator 66 starts its return movement toward normal position earlier than` the lever9'4 andconnected parts, inasmuch as the actuator returning spring 74 is proportioned for stronger effective action than the spring 23. The stated operative conditions justrelated with reference to lever 94 are' substantially the same with respect to the lever 95. The movement imparted to the individual levers 91 by either ofthe levers 94" or 95 is of' highly accelerated characteristie; of`V the rolling'rcontact`A between the. arms 67 and the bell crank 110, and partly duc-to the leverage changing'shift of therolling contact between the levers 94, 95and the' rollinglsurface 93 on the lever 91. During the actuator forced movementof the lever 91 the momentum accumulator 136'moves with increased acceleration and after the active lever 94l or 95 reaches fully operated position, the single train driving means, comprising, the.

This is partly due to the leverage changing shift' lever 9.1,.the. link.'V 95 and theumomeutum accumulator 136, complete their'. movement: by momentum. In this completing; movement-.the kinetic. energy which has become stored'in` the momentum. accumulator 136 is active on the link to exert a final, very strong straighteningforce on the toggle 130, 131. This happens independently of ythe returning power actuator 66. The toggle 13,0,.1'31' in the manner stated reaches nearly a straightened. out-condition,v and finally the lever 91 becomes arrested by contact ofi an arm 145 thereof with an abutment 146'on the case-shift body. It will thus be seen that anyI type carrier 40`in response to actuation of either lever 94er 95y related.` thereto will finally be pressedat high leverage, relatively slowly and noiselessly against the platen 24, it beingunderstood that the platen is-appropriately located withreference. to the system of type carriers 40 for proper pressure printing effect of the latter.' The machine includes provision, not shown but generally well known in the art,.to adjust the position of the platen 24 with respect to the type carrier system, thereby to regulate the strength of imprints.

It has been stated that'each type carrier 40 is guided in its printing movement, toward the platen by guide arms 55,56. It has also been explained that each guide arm l 55' pivots on a stud 60which incidental to actuation of the type. carrier 40 as caused by one of its two related keys, 54- will remain stationary, but which incidental to actuation of the type carrier caused by the other key 54 will be elevated, this providing for guidance of the type carrier 40'on the case-shift body 30 through one or another of" two selective paths. For effecting elevation of the statedpivot stud 60, see Figure 1, each of the levers 94, but not the levers 95, operate individual mechanisms comprisingv each a lever 142 already mentioned and includingfurther a link 15'0 and a bell crank 151, the latter having the pivot stud 60 thereon. The stated parts 142, 150 and 151 of each of these mechanisms are all approximately inthe general plane of the related type carrier 40, and normally occupy positions as seen in Figure l. Whenever a type carrier 40 by. operation of the related 1ever95lisractuated for printing, the stated parts 142, 150, 15'1 remain stationary andthus the pivot stud 60 remains onk the body 30 in'the low position seen in Figures l and 8'. Under such'condition the carrier 40 travels in a path on thecase-shift body 30. which if the latter is in the lower, thatis normal casev position, will direct the normal case type' 51 on the upper type block 42 to the printing point, the. line of movement of such type on a centrally located type carrier of the system being indicated in Figures 1 and 4` at' 153, and the resultant printing position being shown inl Figure 8. If the same type carrier 40 is propagated to theprinting position by actuation of the lever 94, instead of the lever 95, then there occurs through the actuatign ofthe connectedmechanism 142, 150 and 151, duringy the actuator'forcedmovement of the type carrier, arise of the. pivot pin 60 to the position seen in Figure 5. The typev carrier 40 consequently takes an up-sweeping path, which ifv the body 30 is positioned for normal case typing, directs the normal'case type 51 of the lower type block42 along a line 154 indicated in Figures 1 and 4, the stated`type'51 printing as in Figure 5. The lever 142 a'nd the link 150-of the pivot stud lifting mechanism constitute a toggle which is straight inthe operated position of the lever 142, see Figure 5. For the greater part of the operation thearm 142 elevates the pivot stud 60 at a fast pace, but as thetoggle 142, 150 straightens, the rate of movement ofn the stud diminishes gradually to zero. 'Ilie'pivotstud 60l therefore comes to full rest at the desired'flocation before the type carrier 40 reaches printing position.

Tfinsure against premature return of the lever 94 and thus the pivot' stud"60, the up-reaching arm 134 of the lever 91 hasV a nose 155 which descends down on a pin 156 of the lever 94- as the latter arrives in operated position and while the type carrier concludes its printing movement'. No equivalent pin- 156 is necessary for the levery95, inasmuchv` as this lever has no control over the location of the pin 60 and thus its return may be immediate;

lnfFigure l0 the case-shift body 30 including the type carriers 40 are shifted about the pivot axis defined by the studs 34 to. occupy capital case position. Whether the body 301isin the. normal caseposition of Figure l or the capitalcase positionof Figure l0, thepaths taken by any type carrier-withrefereneeto the body- 30l at operation of the levers 94 and 95 are the same as hereinbefore stated. However, in the capital case position of the body 30, the capital case type 51C on the upper type block will move to printing position along line 157, and the capital case type 51C on the lower type block will move to printing position along line 158 at operationof the lever 94. After the printing impression is made,the type carrier and related single train operating means 91, 130, 132 returns to normal position under the power of a return spring 158. For quiet arrest of these parts in normal position, see Figure 4, a toggle 160 is arranged between the momentum accumulator 136 and a pivot 161 provided stationarily on the case-shift body 30. Of course whenever the lever 94 returns the pivot stud 66 is restored by the return of the bell crank 151. In the last part return movement of the bell crank 151 the pivot stud 60 moves with practically no change of elevation so that even though the fore-and-aft normal location of the stud 60 may be somewhat inaccurate this will not materially affect the alignment of the typing impressions.

The open frame 31 of the case-shift body 30 carries in the general plane of each type carrier 40 a composite plate structure comprising, a main plate 162, an adjunct plate 163 and a finger V164. Each of these composite plate structures 162, 163, 164 gives support to certain parts which have hereinbefore been stated as supported on the case-shift body 3f). Namely, each main plate 162 gives support to pivot pins 92, 96 and 133 for related levers 91, 94 and 131, as well as also to the pivots for the levers 95 and 142. The plate 162 also affords the abutment 146. Each adjunct plate 163 affords the pivot for one of the bell cranks 151 and is adjustable on the main plate 162 for appropriate location of the stated pivot. The ngers 164 are adjustably borne on the main plate 162 and bear each one of the pivots 58. The composite plate structures are all identical and they are variously mounted on the open frame 31 for adjustment in the plane of the related type carrier 40 directionally square to the axis of convergence of the type carriers represented by the line 41. Furthermore, the composite plate structures 162, 163, 164 support the mechanisms thereon symmetrically centered about the stated axis of convergence 41. The divergent forward ends of the main plates 162 are accommodated on an arcuate ridge 165 of the open frame 31, in slots 166 which lie in the planes of the lvarious type carriers 40. Nearer to the stated axis of convergence 41, the main plates 162 fit radiating slots 167, see Figure l, provided in the lower part of the arcuate bridge portion 50, and an upreaching portion overlies an arcuate ledge 168, see Figure 9. The stated ridge 165 and arcuate bridge portion 50 are formed to lie symmetrically square to the axis of convergence of the type carriers represented by the line 41.

By means of a screw 170 provided in the ridge 165 of the open frame 31, see Figures l and 9, each individual composite plate 162, 163, 164 is adjustable in its assigned plane squarely to the reference line 41 toward or away from the platen. This is to obtain the correct printing condition for each individual type carrier 40. Locking plates 171, see Figure 9, overlie the plates 162 and are adapted to be clamped down by screws 172 to firmly locate the plates 162 in adjusted positions.

Uniform strength of printing impressions from all the four types on each type carrier must be obtained. This has previously been accomplished in machines `having'a case-shiftable platen but the problem becomes a different one where it is desired to provide for case-shift by shift of the typing mechanism. As has been stated before, the invention provides `for capital case typing through pivotal case-shift of pressure printing type carriers, whereas in former machines the platen was case-shifted. Such pivotal case-shift is highly preferable over bodily case shift because the aggregation of parts which is required to be case-shifted amounts to considerable weight and the work required to effect pivotal shift is less than half of that which would be required for bodily case-shift.

In aiming to provide for efficient pivotal case-shift of the type carrier system, certain new and fundamental concepts of relative arrangement and construction of some parts already generally described were conceived with the cardinal aim to obtain uniform noiseless imprints, and such concept will now be explained.

All pivot points 133 are arranged to lie in a radius drawn squarely about the before stated axis 41 of convergence of the type carriers 40. Specifically with refer-` 133 are arranged on the body 30 lies in a transverse plane indicated at 173, which Yplane is exactly in square relation to the reference line 41. Moreover, the composite plate structures 162, 163, 164 are all arranged substantially radially to the reference line 41. Furthermore, the arcuate ridge 165 and the arcuate bridge 50 are lying in planes parallel to the plane 173. Preferably, the arrangement is such that said plane 173 slants down at the front of the machine, as shown, and the stated axis of convergence 41 has relatedly a rearward slope below the platen. Since the instrumentalities supported on the body 30 caseshift, it follows that the plane 173 as Well as the axis of convergence 41 case-shifts with the body 30. The caseshift axis afforded by the pivot studs 34 extends parallel to the platen and lies in the plane 173 in which all the pivots 133 on the case-shift body lie. Moreover, in the embodiment of the invention shown the case-shift axis as afforded by the pivot studs 34 is, the same distance forwardly from the platen as the pivot 133 for the toggle member 131 of a type action at the middle of the machine. See Figure ll. The case-shift axis however may be nearer or farther from the platen.

In Figures l, 4, 5, 8 and ll, the type carrier system is assumed to be in normal case position, meaning the normal position about the pivot axis defined at 34. In such case position of the body 30, see Figure 4, an arm 181 on each side of the body 30, constituting a part of the end plate 33 thereat, rests lirnitedly on an eccentrically adjustable normal case stop 182, the latter carried on the adjacent side plate 18 of the machine frame. In the capital case position of the body 30, each of the arms 181 abuts upwardly against a capital case stop 183 which is similar to the stop 182 and carried also on the main side plate of the machine.

ln the normal case position of the body 30, the plane 173 in which the pivots 133 are situated, see Figure ll, intersects the line 41 at a point which is below the printing point one-half the distance of separation of the normal and the capital case types51, 51C. The type carrier 40 shown in full lines in Figure l1 is advanced just short of printing contact with the platen 24. It has been actuated in an up-sweeping course as in Figure 5 to bring the normal case type 51 on the lower type block to a printing point indicated at 184. Such printing point is constant and always lies on a straight line extending from the case-shift axis squarely to the axis of the platen. The toggle 130, 131 after reaching the position seen in Figure ll straightens further under power supplied by the momentum accumulator 136, thereby to press the active type 51 at great leverage noiselessly against the platen. lt will be noted that in the operated position of any carrier the pivot stud 57 comes to lie substantially in the transverse plane 173. It is thus evident that the final force exerted by any toggle 130, 131 on its associated type carrier is along a line which is contained in the plane 173 and passes through the type head 52 midways the two types 51, 51C thereon. In the full line position of the type carrier 40 seen in Figure 11 the two types 51, 51C of the lower type block 52 are both situated on the same radius drawn squarely about the case-shift axis 34 at the middle of the machine, and both printing faces extend parallel to the front side of the platen 24 and complement the cylindrical form of the platen, as may be noted in connection with Figure 12. Furthermore, since the pivot point 57 of any operated type carrier 40 lies in the same plane 173 in which also the case-shift axis lies, it follows that the types 51, 51C are also contained in a common radius about the point 57 in the plane of the operated carrier. This is true for any type carrier brought into printing position. If the case-shift body 30 at operaf tion of the carrier 40 through its upswinging path is in capital case position, then the capital case type 51C of the lower type block will move against the printing point 184. Under the operating condition just stated, the line of Vpressure exerted by the toggle 130, 131 is square to the axis of convergence 41 in the plane of the carrier and passes above the printing point 184 a distance equal to half the separation of the types on the active type block, the line of pressure being on the'elevated plane 173 through the pivot point 57.

Now assuming again the case-shift body 36 to be in the normal case, lower position, that is, with the plane 173 passing below the platen axis as in Figure l1, and assumence to Figures 1 and ll, the arc in which the pivot points 86 ing further that the typeecarrier is operated through the path 153, that is with: thepivot stud 60 in its low position as shown in Figure 8, then the normal case type 51 of the upper type block 52. will move to printing position as shown in Figure 8,.see also dottedline position of the type carrier 40 in Figure 11. The two types 51, 51C on the upper type block are disposed in the plane of the type carrier along the same-radius drawn about the pivot stud 57 as are the types 51, 51C of the lower type carrier and the same is the case in reference to the other type carriers. Since the pivot stud 57 in the extended position of any operated type carrier lies always in the plane 173, the two type faces 51, 51C of the upper type block 52 of any type carrier operated through its lower path on the body 30 will lie also on a radius drawn squarely about the case-shift axis at the middle of the machine, the stated type faces extending parallel to the platen 24.

If the body 30 is-in its upper, capital case position seen in Figure l0, and any type carrier 40 is actuated through its upper path on the body, the capital case type 51C on the upper type block will print as indicated by dot and-dash lines in said figure. The line of pressure exerted by the toggle 130, 131 on the type carrier will then be between the two types 51, 51C on the upper type block.

From the foregoingy it will be evident that no matter what type is broughtl to thel printing position by actuation of a type carrier, there will prevail the same operating condition, and particularly the toggles 130, 131 will have equal pressure effect for printing by any of the types. This is so because the toggles straighten to the'same extent to bring the individual types to corresponding positions in front of the platen. Also the line in which pressure is exerted on the type carrier with respect to the type which is to print is always the same distance below or above the printing point.

Referring to Figures 3 and l2, the type blocks 52 comprise each an elongate head portion 176. The printing faces ot' the two types 51', 51C are spaced lengthwise of said head portion 176 a case-shift distance apart, and are individually situated squarelyy with reference to radials 177. 178 having a common center, and exactly equal distance from the latter. Said radials 177, 178 lie in the same plane, and such plane coincides with the plane 42, see Figure 3, if the particular type considered is assumed to be at the printing point 1'84. From the head portion 176 of each type block 52 there extends a relatively thin flange 179, and the particular flanges belonging to the type blocks of the different type carriers 40 of the series, extend from the head portion 176 in planes lying at difk ferent angles tothe plane in'which the stated radials 177, 17S commonly lie, and intersect with the latter plane along a line parallel to or coincidental with a line in which both printing faces of the type block are centered. Other details of the type blocks 52 may be substantially as disclosed in the patent to Thorell, No. 2,110,347, dated March 8, 1938, particularly certain faces machined or formed for appropriate'correlation with the type guide 187.

in order to guide the various type blocks 52 squarely against the platen, the machine is provided with a type guide 137 which is fastened to andv reaches upwardly from a crosspiece 188' of the case-shift frame 30. This type guide 1.57 is provided withan opening wherethrough the type blocks 52 enter for printing contact with the platen. Lips 190 constituting; the upper and lower limits of said opening conne and guide any type block to travel at the exact required level in approach of the printing position, it being understood that the type carriers 40 are borne somewhat loosely on the supporting arms 55, 56. Near the vertical extremes, nea-r sa-id lips 190, the opening narrows to provide left and right upper and lower guide `faces squarely to the platen, the guide faces at the right being engaged hy the obliquely approaching type blocks 52 just before printing position is reached to deflect such blocks squarely toward the platen. This may be perceived from Figure 3,.wherein the extent of deflection of the type carrier 40J is indicated by4 two dot-and-dash lines numbered 191. The guide faces at the left are engaged hy the type blocks which. obliquely approach from the right, for deflection` squarely against the platen.

The operating trains from the power actuator 66 on the frame to the type carriers 40 on the case-shift body 30 are maintained during case-shift of the latter between normal case and capital: case4 positions.V operating characteristic of these operating trains is sub- Moreover, the

stantially unaffectedV by the case-shift. This is evident from Figures 1 and 10, and having rst specic reference to Figure l it will be seen that in the lower case position of the body, the upper pivotal connection of the link 108 is a certain, short distance forwardly of a dot-anddash line 192 drawn between the case-shift axis 34 and the lower pivotal point of the link 108. As the body is caseshifted to the position seen in Figure 10, the upper pivotal connection of the link 108 will move across the said line 192 to the rear thereof. The movements opposite of the line 1,92 are equal. The stated operative arrangement eX- ists for all the links 108. Moreover, since in the preferred structure illustrated in the drawings, all links 108 are arranged ina straight row, the lines 192 across which the links cross are all contained in a single transverse plane.

For moving the case-shift body 30 to and from caseshifted position there is provided a noiselessly operating power mechanism which is illustrated in Figures 4 and l0 and is an improvement on the patent to Helmond, No. 2,275,759. This power mechanism includes a normally quiescent eccentric 195 having associated therewith, by means of a ring of balls 197, a connecting rod 196, said balls being accommodated in opposite ball races provided in the eccentric 195 and the connecting rod 1-96, whereby said eccentric is freely turnable in the connecting rod and the latter is retained on the eccentric. The connecting rod has a pivotal connection with a rocker 198 that is pivotally carried at 200 on the left side wall 18 of the machine frame. The rocker has adjustable abutments 201 straddling a pin 202 extending laterally from a down-reaching portion of the left end plate 33 of the case-shift body 30. The pin 202 extends through a clearance hole in said side plate 33. The eccentric 195 is turnably mounted on a shaft 203 which is constantly rotating when the machine is in use and carries fast on the outer end thereof, adjacent the eccen tric 195, a toothed clutch wheel 204. Provision is made to couple the eccentric 195 to said toothed wheel 204 tol turn therewith a half turn upon downward operation of a shift key 205 and to turn another half turn upon restoration of such shift key. A clutch pawl 206 pivotally carried on the eccentric 195 is normally held free of thel toothed wheel 204 by a control dog 207 that normally engages an outreaching nose of the pawl. A compression spring 208V carried in a thickened portion of the eccentric engages a tail of the pawl 206 and thereby tendsI to swing the pawl inwardly into coupled association with the wheel 204. Diametrically opposite to the control dog 207 there is another control dog 210 which when the case-shift key is in normal position is clear of the orbit of the pawl 206. The two dogs 207, 210 are pivotally carried as at 212 on a bracket 211. A link 213 connects the two dogs. The ease-shift key 205 is borne on a lever 209' fast on a shaft 214 and when said' key is operated an arm 215 on the left end of the shaft 21'4 draws a link 216 forwardly. The latter has a pivotal connection with the dog 210 and upon operation of the shift key 205 will swing the dog 210 into the orbit of the outreaching nose of the pawl 206. At the same time due to the link 213 which connects the two dogs, the dog 207 will swing clear of the nose of the pawl 206, wherefore the eccentric 195 becomes coupled to the toothed wheel 204 to turn therewith. At the end of such half turn the connecting rod 196 will be in the rearward position seen in Figure l0, and through operation of the rocker 198 will have displaced the case-shift body 30 to the upper case position. The half turn of the eccentric is terminated by engagement of the outreaching nose of the pawl 206 with the hooked end of the dog 210, such engagement resulting in a limited outswinging movement of the pawl to free the latter from the toothed wheel 204 as shown in Figure 10. At the release of the case-shift key 205 the dogs 207, 210, under the tension of a spring 217 associated with the link 216, return to their normal positions seen in Figure 4. Consequently the pawl 206 will reengage the toothed wheel 204 for a second half turn of the eccentric 195, such half turn being terminated as the pawl 206 is intercepted by the dog 207 and swung clear of the wheel 204. During such second half turn the connecting rod.1.96 is driven forwardly by the eccentric and through restoration of the rocker 198 will restore the: case-shift body 30 to the normal case position seen in Figure 4. The motion imparted to the connecting rod 196 is' of harmonic characteristic and thus the caseshift body 30 is 'picked up and deposited in each position without shock and noise. "Disengagement of the pawl 206 from the wheel 204 with concomitant arrest of the eccentric 195 is achieved without shock and noise. To this end provision is made for the dogs 207, 210 to yield slightly when engaged by the pawl 206. Specically, as shown, the stop faces of the dogs are afforded by leaf springs 218 of gooseneck form. As shown in reference to the dog 207 the gooseneck spring 218 may be backed up by an abutment 220 normally spaced slightly from said spring. The opposite range of movement of the dogs is controlledV by two stop pins 219. Due to the resiliency of the gooseneck springs 218, the eccentric 195 has a tendency to rebound in reverse direction as the pawl 206 is intercepted at each half turn of the eccentric., To control this rebounding tendency, the eccentric 195 carries fast thereon a two-lobe member 223 with which there cooperates a spring pressed pawl 224. i

The shaft 203, see Figure 3, may be coaxial with the toothed power roll 70 which operates the typing instrumentalities, and may be driven by said power roll 70 at a desired case-shiftspeed through speed-up gearing provided in a gear housing 221.

The-case-shift body 30 withthe mechanism supported thereon represents an appreciable aggregate mass which must be set in motion and Vstopped rapidly, and yet such operation should be quiet. kIt is conceived to associate means with the case-shift body 30 whereby the initial case-shift movement of said vbody from one to the other position is aided by energy stored in the preceding case-shift operation, the motor operated caseshift mechanism, hereinbefore described, constituting a controlling agent for said energy. To this end the machine has at least on the side of the power operable case-shift rocker 198 a spring device 226, see Figure l0, comprising an upper and a lower link member 227, 228 having forked portions 230, see Figure a, interitting one another to allow the link members 227, 228 to distend lengthwise. The upper link member 227 has a pivotal joint with the overlying arm 181 of the case-shift body as at 231, while the lower link 228 hask a forked lower end tting in a notched bottom of an opening 232 in the side plate 18 ofthe machine. Each of the two links 227, 228 is shouldered as at 233 for spring seating elements 234 to abut thereagainst. A relatively light spring 235 is interposed in compression between the two seats 234 ofthe spring device 226, and thereby exerts an upward force on the case-shift body 30, The spring 235 balances the greater portion of the weight of the case-shifttbody and the parts supported thereby. The spring device 226 also embodies between the two lspring seats 234 a relatively heavy compression spring 236 loosely surrounding the lighter spring 235. This heavy spring 236 is shorter than the ,spacebetween the two spring seats 234 and becomes strained only `after an appreciable part of the downward movement of the caseshift body 30 from upper case to lower case position has taken place. In being so strained the spring 236 stores a certain amount of energy which, in the initial movement of the case-shift body 30 from normal case to-capital case position assists such movement. It will be noted that the eccentric 195 forces the case-shift body against the resistanceof the spring 236 to normal case, lower position, thereby snubbing suchl movement, and at the end of such movement ythe case-shift body 30 is held stationary because the eccentric 195 vreaches and is arrested in a dead center position, and because the check pawl 224 in cooperation with. the lobe member 223 then prevents backward rotation ofthe eccentric.

, Since the lighter spring 235 does not fully balance the weight of the case-shift` body and the mechanism supported thereon, it follows that in a power operated caseshift movement of said body to upper, capital case position the Aeccentric 4195 works against the unbalanced portionof the weight of the body 30. The body upon arrival in upper case position is held thereat due to the dead center position of the 4eccentric 195 reached, see Figure l0. When the eccentric receives a half turn to case-shift the body 30 down to the normal position seen in Figure 4, then the unbalancedY weight of the caseshift body 30 aids initially such movement. Due to the structure described the motor power can be kept to a minimum. Furthermore, since the movement of the eccentric stops 182, 183 associated with the arms 181 of the case-shift body are adjusted for proper throw of the latter and the abutments 201 on the rocker 198 which is operated by the connecting rod are adjusted for proper correlation with the stops 182, 183.

As shown in Figure l, the machine embodies a letter s feed mechanism of usual construction comprising, an escapement wheel 240 carried on a substantially vertical shaft 241, the latter turnably supported in the framework of the machine and having at its upper end a gear 242 in mesh with a rack 243 on the carriage. An escapement 244 of usual design is in control over the escapement wheel, and is rocked at each typing stroke imparted to any of the type carriers 40. To this end'an arcuate universal bar 245 is arranged in symmetry with the axis of convergence 41 'of the type carriers, underneath the levers 91 of the type action operating trains, each of said levers 91 having a pendant element 246 moving down on the universal bar.' The universal'bar 245 is mounted to partake in the case-shift movements of the case-shift body 30 about the case-shift axis 34, and is borne upon two laterally spaced guide arms 247 which together with a shaft 248 comprise a bail structure. The latter at the opposite ends of the shaft 248 is pivotally carried on the` cross member 116 of the case-shift body 30;` Two upper guide arms 250 connected to the universal bar and pivotally carried on brackets secured to the cross member 116, cooperate with the stated bail `structure to guide said universal bar for movement substantially parallel to the stated line 41. The universal bar is actuated during a late part in each' stroke of a type carrier towards the platen and an arm 251 fast on the shaft 248 partakes in the rocking motion of the bail 247, 248. From the arm the motion is transmitted over a link 252 to a bell crank 253 which by means of a link 254 is operativelyconnected with the escapement 244. A spring, not shown, urges the universal bar upwardly to the normal position seen in Figure l. The arrangement of the parts is such that in the case-shift movement of the case-shift body 30,`

the-uppertpivotal connection of the link 252 crosses an imaginary straight line extending from the lower pivotal connection of the Vlink 252 to the' pivot axis 34 of the case body. Thus the universal bar 245 on the case-shift body is in control over the frame-supported escapement in either of the two case-shift positions of said body.

Now drawing attention to Figure 2, themachine includes a ribbon vibratingl guide 257 of usual design, operable by a mechanism train comprising a cross shaft 258 in the machine. The stated guide 257 is vibrated through operation of a ribbon universal bar 264 shown in Figure l. Said universal bar 264 hasv a face 265 arranged on a relatively short radius about the axis of convergence 41 of the type carriers 40. Spaced upper guide arms 266 and spaced lower guide arms 267 guide the universal bar for actuation substantially parallel to the stated axis 41.' The lower guide arms 267 are fast on a rock shaft 268, and an arm 270 also fast on the shaft 268, throughthe medium of a link 272 is in communication with an arm 271 that is carried on the shaft 258. AThe stated universal bar 264 is actuated at each typing -stroke in that the guidey arm 56 of each type carrier 40 is part of a lever which includes an arm which has pendent therefrom a link 273 reaching down to the face 265 of the universal bar. Said links 273 have each a pin and slot guide connection with one of the mechanism supporting plates 162. The universal bar starts its movement to operated position early-at the beginning of each typing stroke, and the movement `is rst rapid but diminishes in speed as the type carrier is slowed up in its movement toward the platen. For this reason the ribbon guide is controlled to vibrate to the accurate desired position. The universal bar 264 partakes in the case-shift movements of the caseshift body 30 and for this reason the latter has at two spaced points downwardly reaching brackets 274 aiording pivotal supports for the arms 266 andpivotal support for the shaft 268 carrying the arms 267. The pivotal connection of the link 272 with the arm 270 is arranged with reference to the pivotal connection of the link with the arm 271 so that during the case-shift movement of 1f5 the body 30 the iirst mentioned. point will travel across an imaginary straight line from the. second mentioned pivot point to the case-shift axis 34. Due to this arrangement the universal bar 264V exercises the same control over the ribbon in either case position of the body 30.

Variations of the structure may be resorted to within thev scope of the invention, and portions of improvements may be used without others.

What is claimed is:

1. In a typewriting machine having a frame and an array of type carriers, each of the latter having a plurality of types, a case-shift body, means supporting said body on the frame for pivotal movement about a horizontal, transverse axis to place it in one or another case position, a plurality of keys on the frame for control of each of the type carriers, means controlled by the keys of each type carrier to, causev the movement of the type carrier through one or another path on the body in accordance with the key operated, movement of the carrier through said' one or the other path on the body in one case-shift position of the latter bringing` one or another type to the. printing position, and movement of the carrier on the body through the same two paths in the other case-shift position of said body bringing a third or a fourth type to the printingV point, each said keycontrolled' means comprising, two key-responsive power actuators on the frame, two members, on the frame individually operable by said actuators, and two. members on the case-shift body individually operable by the actuator operated members irrespective of the case-shift position said body may occupy.

2'. I'n a typewriting machine having a frame and an array of type carriers, each of the latter having a plurality of types; a case-shift body, means supporting said body on the frame for pivotal' opposite case-shift movement about a horizontal', transverse axis to place it in one or another case position, a plurality of keys on the frame for control of' each of the type carriers, and means controlled by the keys of each type carrier to cause the movement of the type carrier through one or another path on the body in accordance with the key operated, movement of the carrier through said one or the other path on the body in one case-shift position of the latter bringing one or another type to the printing position, and movement of the carrier on the body through the same two paths in the other case-shift position of said body bringing a third or a fourth type to` the printing point, cach said key-controlled means comprising, two members operatively supported on the frame, two members operatively supported on the case-shift body, and two links having each a first pivotal connection with one of the frame-supported membersv and having each a second pivotal connection with one of the body-supported' members, the two pivotal connections of each link with respect to each other and the case-shift axis located for the second pivotal connection in the opposite movements of the body between the two case-shift positions to swing oppositely across the shortest line between the first pivotal connection and the case-shift axis of the body.

3; In a typewriting machine having a frame and an array of` type carriers, each of theflatter having a plurality of types, a case-shift body, means supporting said body on the frame for pivotal case-shift movement about a horizontal, transverse axisy to place it in one or another case position, a plurality of keys on the frame for control of each of the type carriers, and means controlled by the keys of each type carrier to cause the' movement of the type carrier through one or another path on the body in accordance with the key operated, movement of the carrier through said one or the other path on the body in one case-shift position of the latter bringing one or another type to the printing position, and movement of the carrier on the body through the same two paths in the other case-shiftposition of said body bringing a third or a fourth type to the printing point, each said key-controlled means comprising, two levers operatively supported on the frame, two levers operatively supported on thecase-shift body, and two links, each link having a first pivotal connection with one of the frame-supported levers and al second pivotal connection with one of the body-supported levers, and all said first pivotal connections and all said second pivotal connections arranged respectively to lie substantially along straight lines extending parallel to the pivotal axis of the body, the tirst and second` pivotal connections of the links with respect to each other and the case-shift axis located for all the second pivotal connectionsin the movements of the body between the two case-shift positions, to swing across a plane in which the first pivotal' connections and the caseshift axis lie.

4'. In a typewriting machine having a frame 'and having a semi-circular array of type carriers arranged in front of a platen, the type carriers movable individually in planes convergent on the printingy point and having each at least four types, a case-shift body supporting said type carriers, means to support said body for pivotal movement about an axis in front of the platen to occupy one or another case-shift position, two type keys on the frame for control of each type carrier, and means to move said type carriers on the body selectively under control of said keys in their assigned planes through one or another of two paths and irrespective of the prevailing4 case-shift position of saidy body, said type carrier moving means comprising, frame supported arms individually responsive to said type keys.

and pivoted individually alonga straight transverse line in the machine, a system of graded length levers carried on the case-shift body above the key-responsive arms and corresponding in number thereto and having motion delivering rear ends disposed. in an arc congruent with the system of type carriers, and a straight array of links connecting saidv arms with said levers and having upper and lower points of connection respectively with said levers and said arms, said upper points of connection located to swing in the opposite case-shift movements of the body across a plane in which said .case-shift axis and said lower points of connections commonly lie.

5. The invention set forth. in claim 4, said graded length levers having` pivotal points located along a line which is parallel to the case-shift axis.

6. In a typewriting machine having a semi-circular array of type carriers in front of a platen, the type carriers arranged in converging planes to print at a common printing point and each having at least four types in its general plane; a case-shift body mounted in the machine for pivotal movement from a normal to a case-shifted position, about an axis that extends parallel to the platen in front thereof, means to support and guide each of said type carriers on` said body for individual movement in said converging4 planes in one or another of two paths for directing thereby one or another of said four types normally to said common printing point, key responsive meansl cooperative with the said supporting means to operate each of saidv type carriers in said one or said other of said paths, a third type on every carrier so disposed that when the said one type on the same. carrier is at the printing point. both these types lie along the same radius drawn squarely from the axis of the body, a case-shift distance apart, a fourth type on every carrier so disposed that when the said other type on the same carrier is at the printing point, both these types lie along the same radius drawn squarely from said axis and a case-shift distance apart, and means to case-shift said body about said axis for printing by said third and fourth types.

7. The invention set forth in claim 6, said key responsive means including for each type carrier on said case-shift body a device to decelerate the type carrier as the latter nears printing position, and then to apply on the type carrier a pressure printing leverage which has substantially uniform action and effect for typing by any of the four stated types on each type carrier.

8. The invention set forth in claim 6, and individual means associated with each type carrier and of identical construction and arranged in a semi-circular array about an axis of convergence of said type carriers, to apply on each operated type carrier automatically a final pressure printing force substantially at right angles to said axis of convergence andv substantially in line with the printing point.

9. The invention set forth in claim 6, and individual means associated with each type carrier and of identical construction and arranged in a semi-circular array about an axis of convergence of said type carriers, to apply on each operated type carrier automatically a iinal pressure printingl force at right angles to said axis of convergence and directed to a point which with reference to the type brought to the printing point is di- 17 rectly' between such type and thei type that" isl acase'- shift distance apart therefrom.

10. In atypewrting machinel having aA semi-circular' array of type carriers in .":ont of a platen, the type carriers arranged in converging planes to print at a common printing point and each` having at least four types in its general plane; a case-shift body mounted in the machine for pivotal movement from a normal to a case-shifted position, about an axis that extends parallel to the platen in front thereof, means to support and guide each of said type carriers'V on said' bodyfor individual movement in said converging planes in one or another of two paths for directing thereby one or another of said four types normally to the common printing point against the platen, key responsive means to operate each of said type carriers in said one or said other of said paths and including a changing leverage device having, an equally high, final operating leverage ou the carrier for typing by one or the other of said types, a third type on every carrier so disposed that when the said one type on the same carrier is at the printing point, both, these types lie along a radius drawn squarely from the body axis, a caseshift distance apart a fourth type on every carrier so disposed that when the said other type on the same carrier is at the printing point, both these types lie along said same radius, the same case-shift distance apart as said one and other type, and means to case-shift said body about said axis for key-responsiveness of said type. carriers to print byl said third and fourth types'.

ll. In a `typewriting machine. having a platen andl a semi-circular array of type carriers in front' ofthe platen, the typecarriers arranged in converging planes to print at a common printing point and each having` atleastfourltypes `in its general plane; a case-shift body, mounted in the machine forpivotal movement'froma normal to a case-shifted position,.about an4 axis` thatV extends parallelto the platenn frontthereof, the upper' most type' on the .various carriers normally. disposed" in aV semi-circular array which is congruent with the array of type carriers andcentered substantially` at the level of.' the printing point, means to .supporteach of said carriers on saidibody for individual movement inf saidconverging planes in oneor another', of twopaths for directing thereby the uppermost oneor/ anotherv of' said'four types normallyto the printing. point,jkey-re sponsive means, cooperative withk saidsupportingimeansl tooperate each of said. type carriersin one or' the othery ot' said pathsa `third typeon every carrier so disposed* that when said uppermost type on the same carrier"` is at the printing point, both'these types lie along the same radius drawn squarely from` the axis of the body, a fourth type on every carrierso disposedthat when the said other, type on thexsame` carrier is at` the printing point, both these types lie along the samepradius drawn squarely from said axis, said uppermost type on eachl carrier. with reference to said third type, and said-other typer with reference to,said fourth type', being respec V tively a case-shift distance apart,. and meansV to' case shift-said body` about said axisfor printingI by said` third7 and fourth types.- p

12. In a typewriting machine having a platen'anda semi-circular array of type `carriers infront of the platen', the type carriers arranged inconverging planes to print at a common printing point. and each having at least four types in its general. plane, a case-shift body mounta ed in the machine for pivotal movementfrom a normal to a case-shifted position, about an axis that extendsx parallel to the platen in front `thereofthe uppermostV one ,of thetypes on the various. carriers normally dis# posed 4in a semi-circular; array which is congruent with the array of type carriers vand* centered substantially at thel level of the printingppoint, means to con'ne each,v of said carriers on said` body forindividual'movement' in. said converging planes, a continuously rotatingpower: member .common to said type carriers,ymeans foreachof said type carriers,` transitorily connectable witliisaid;v power member to power actuater eachv type, carrierI forcibly. in one or another,of` two pathsfor either. the uppermost or another of said types to` approach .forcibly nearly. the` printingl point, the path` of movement forI the uppermost type being` appreciably.- longer thancthea path: ofy movement: for,4 said other type; and.. eachfsaidt` powery actuating, means includinggfor-athe'. carrier; vari-f sul ablyv condition'able guide means for'A said uppermost and said other type to travel substantiallyin a common path toward the end of the power actuation, each of the power actuating means inciuding a device to` accelerate first and then to decelerate the carrier, each type carrier and associated device, under control of the continuously driven power member reaching the same decelerated state at the end of the movement imparted thereto forcibly by its power actuating Ameans and regardless ,of whether the type carrier is moved through the longer or the shorter one of lsaid paths, and'a momentum ac: cumulator associated with each of said devices and each operable by` one of thev power-actuating means toforce the type carrier after deceleration independently of the power actuating means, at the same highly multiplied leverage and the same moment of force condition r.e`` gardless` of whether the Vapproach movement of the car-f rier forced bythe actuating means has been through said longer or said shorter path, a third type on every carrier so disposed that' when said highest type on the same carrier is at the printing' point," both these types` 11e alongthe'same radiusl drawn squarely from the axis' of the body, a fourth type' on-every` carrier so` disposed' that when the said other type onthe same carrier is at" the-printing point, both thesetypes lie along the sam'e radius drawn squarely from said axis, and means to case-shiftsaid body about said axis for printingby said thirdv andfourth types.

13. ln a typewriting machine having type carriers inV a semi-circular` array arrangedin` front of a platen t0' move individually in assigned-planes which converge at`v a common printinghpoint, each carrier having at lea'st' four types in'its moving: plane, a case-shift bodyfsup;y porting said carriers and mountedin the. machine for? pivotal movement about an axisl infront of the platen' to occupy one or. another case-shift position, means to^ support and guide each ofvsaid typel carriers on saidbody for movement in itsy assigned planein one". or anotherof'two pathsfor directingthereby inone .ofl the`v casepositions of' said body one or another of its fourT types. to the printing point saidtypes arranged so that when saidone type is-atfthe printing point, a' thirdrtype is a case-shift'distance apart therefrom in a radius-'drawn squarely from the case-shift axis, and so that whenlsaid other type is at the printing point, ay fourth. type is a case-shiftdistance away therefrom iii-the same-radius drawn squarely from the case-shift axis,vthe1.four types` on.` any type' carrier arranged to lieequidistant aboutla. po1n`t'1n the plane of thecarrier and such point for any operated' type carrier situated in a transverse plane which coincides with the case-shift axis and passes mid-way between'the type at" the printing point and the' ty'pe a case-shift'distance apart therefrom. 14.' 'lfheinvention Vset forthin claim` 13, each of ,sai'd supportlng and guiding means comprising,4 guide arm means for the carrier, and displaceable pivot meanson.- the case-shift body, forsaidarm means to .controllthe' carrier'totravel in one'or' theother of said paths.

15. rheinvemion ser forth in claim 13 and a naar; pressure exerting devicel for each carrier, comprising a',

toggle` mechanism in the general'plane of each carrier,` having a plvotal connectionv With the carrier at they pointT about which the four types thereon areequidistant, and,

, having-situated `in said transverse plane which coincides:

with the case-shift axis, a pivotal anchorage on the caseshift body. I

16. The invention set forth in claim 13, anda final.l pressure exerting device for each carrier in Vthe generalplane thereof and having a pivotal connection with the, carrier"y at the point aboutwhich the four types are` equidistant.

17. The invention seti forth in claim, 13 said -sup-, porting andguiding means for each type carrier inf. cludingy on`the case-shift bodya guide arm swingablei. in the general plane of the carrier and havinga pivotal connection with the carrier at the point about whichthe foul types are 'equidistant device, having a pivotal association with the carrier at the pointabout which the four types are equidistant.

19. In-` atypewritingg machine havinga semi-circulan e-arrayof type-carriers arrangedfin front of aplatenf to" maar move individually in planes which converge at a common printing point, and having each at least two types in its moving plane, a case-shift body supporting said carriers and mounted in the machine for pivotal movement about an axis in front of the platen to occupy one or another of two case positions, means to support and guide each of said type carriers on said body for movement in its assigned plane in a path to direct one of the types to the printing point, said types arranged so that when said one type is at the printing point, the other type is a case-shift distance apart therefrom in a radius drawn squarely from the case-shift axis. the two types on any type carrier arranged to lie in the operated position of such carrier equidistant about a point in the plane of the operated carrier which point at the same time is situated in a plane which coincides with the case-shift axis and passes mid-way between the type at the printing point and the type a case-shift distance apart therefrom.

20. In a typewriting machine having a frame and having a semi-circular array of type carriers arranged in front of the platen, the type carriers movable individually in assigned planes convergent on the printing point. keys for control of the type carriers. and means to actuate said type carriers selectively under control of said type keys in their assigned planes. comprising, individual pivotal elements corresponding in number to said keys provided along a straight transverse line in the machine, graded length levers above and corresponding in number to said elements and having motion delivering rear ends disposed in an arc substantially congruent with the system of type carriers, a straight array of identical transversely spaced links operatively connecting said elements individually with said graded length levers, a continuously operating power member extending transversely of the machine, power actuators spaced transversely of the machine and selectively engageable with said power member by said keys for receiving uniform operating strokes thereby, and means to operate said elements to different extents by said uniform stroke actuators, for substantially equal movement of all the motion delivering rear ends of the levers, said last means comprising arms for operation by the actuators, and motion accelerating rolling faces oppositely on said arms and said elements.

21. The invention set forth in claim 20, said pivotal elements comprising, bell cranks having horizontal arms disposed adjacently in a transverse row, and downreachng arms, the latter having each one of the rolling aces.

22. The invention set forth in claim 20, said graded length levers comprising each a part which includes the motion delivering rear end of the lever, and another part for connection of one of the links thereto, and means to zladjust individually the relation of the two parts of each ever.

23. In a typewriting machine having a frame and having a semi-circular array of type carriers arranged in front ofthe platen, the type carriers movable individually in planes convergent on the printing point and having each at least two types, two type keys for control of each type carrier, and means to move said type carriers selectively under control of said type keys in their assigned planes through one or another of two paths, comprising. arms corresponding in number to said keys and pivoted individually at points along a straight transverse line in the machine, graded length levers above and corresponding in number to the arms and having motion delivering rear ends disposed in an arc congruent with the system of type carriers, there being two levers associated with each type carrier, a straight array of links connecting said arms individually with said graded length levers, power actuators selectively responsive to said keys and having uniform operating strokes, and means to operate said arms to different extents by said uniform stroke actuators, for substantially equal movement of all the motion delivering rear ends of the levers.

24. The invention set forth in claim 23, said operating means for the arms comprising motion accelerating rolling associations of different leverage characteristics.

25. In a typewriting machine having a semi-circular array of type carriers in front of a platen arranged to move individually in converging planes to type at a common printing point; said type carriers having each at least two types in their individual general planes and the uppermost types on the various carriers arranged in a semi-circular array which is congruent with the array of type carriers and centered substantially not higher than the level of the printing point, two type keys for every one of said type carriers, means controlled by the two keys of each type carrier to cause the latter to print from the uppermost or a lower disposed type, depending on the key operated, each of said key-controlled means comprising, a pivoted supporting arm for the type carrier normally having guiding action for the uppermost type on the carrier to be directed to the printing point, pivot rising means for the individual arms to change the guiding action thereof for said lower type thereon to be directed to the printing point, and means responsive to one of said keys associated with each type carrier to operate such type carrier, and responsive to the other one of said keys to operate said pivot rising means and concomitantly to operate the same type carrier, each said pivot rising means including, a normally broken toggle, and an arm operable by the toggle from a normal downreaching position, upwardly in the plane of the type carrier.

26. In a typewriting machine having a platen and a semi-circular array of type carriers in front of the platen, the type carriers arranged in converging planes to prmt at a common printing point and each having in its gcneral plane in an order starting from the top, a first lower case type, a first upper case type, a second lower case type and a second upper case type, the first lower case types all normally disposed in a curved array which is substantially congruent with the type carriers and centered substantially not higher than the printing point or therebelow, a case-shift body supporting said carriers and mounted in the machine for movement from a lower case to an upper case position, means to guide the individual type carriers on said body for movement thereon in two differing paths of varying length to direct in the lower case position of the body either of the lower case types to the printing point, means to move said body to upper case position to condition said guiding means to direct either of said upper case types to the printing point, a constant-speed power shaft common to all the type carriers, and means including said power shaft and the guiding means for said carriers to effect selective operation of each type carrier through one or the others of said paths on the said body, comprising, two type keys, two power actuators selectively connectable to the power shaft by said keys to execute limited extent power strokes, means responsive to the selective operation of said two power actuators and having controlling association with said guiding means to operate said carrier through one or the other of said two paths forcibly short of the printing point and including provision to allow extended movement of the type carrier to print each type carrier at the end of the actuator-forced movement, through control of speed exercised by the power shaft, moving at the same speed whether operated through one or the other of said two paths, a momentum accumulator operated by either of the two actuators to store during the actuator-forced movement of the carrier substantially equal kinetic energy, and means associated with the momentum accumulator and the type carrier to translate the stored kinetic energy of the momentum accumulator into a definite pressure moment exterted against the type carrier.

27. In a typewriting machine having type carriers in a semi-circular array arranged in front of a platen to move individually in assigned planes which converge at a common printing point, two type heads on the rearwardly facing end of each carrier having each in the general plane of the carrier a lower case type and an upper case type, a case-shift body supporting said type carriers collectively case-shiftable about an axis in front of and parallel to the platen to occupy either a lower case or an upper case position, means to support and guide each of said type carriers on said body for movement in its assigned plane in one or another of two paths for directing thereby in the lower case position of the body one or the other lower case types to the printing point, the upper case type with respect to the lower case type on each type head arranged so that when either lower case type is at the printing point the upper case type on the same type head is a case-shift distance away therefrom in the same radius drawn squarely from the case-shift axis, the types on the two type heads of each carrier circularly equidistant about 1a.` common point in the plane of the carrier and such 21"'` t commoniinointttianroperated,trite carrer'stuated'. tr'ansversefplanewhich 4coincides?withthe.Caseshiftam andi passes midwayibetween thetype at theprintingjpointj andthe other type von the 'sanietype head;

28; The invention setforth in claim 27, and vtype'guide means-unitary with saidzcase-,shift body for partaking'in its.caseshift movements and'engageable by one oirthe othertype head of any.operatedztype-carrier depending-,on whether suchjcarrier is movedthroughpne or the-other ath;

p 29.- 'A`l series of diierenttype blocks'for use in'a pressure-printing .typewriter having type carriers arranged in semi-circular array forprinting movement inconverglent planes; said lblockstcomprising each aA head portion having-lengthwisethereon spaced two type'faces, squarely attl'iel'vertexes of tworadialsofV equal length, having the' same centeriandrfbeing inthe samefplane, saidtwo'typefaces beingl a case-shiftdistanceapart in upright alignment with each other in the planein which the two radials commonly lie; `and eachsaidjblocks comprising further a ilangefor fastening it to a type carrier, the flanges of the'j-blocks lbelonging to different type carriers of the; series extending from the-head-portions-inplanes lyingjatdifferentlangles` to` the plane infwhichl said radials commonly lie; and;intersecting--therewithalongV a linewhichis parallel to orcoinciding-with-fa line extending between thetwo vertexesof said radials.v

30. In a` typewritingrnaehine having a frame and having a semi-circular array of type carriers arranged in front of a platen, the type carriers movable individually in planes convergent on the printing point and having each at least four types; a case-shift body supporting said type carriers, means to support said body for pivotal movement about an axis in front of the platen to occupy one or another case-shift position, two type keys on the frame for control of each type carrier, and means to move each said type carrier selectively under control of its associated two keys in the assigned plane through one or another of two paths on the body and irrespective of the prevailing case-shift position of said body, thereby to bring in one case position either of two types to the printing point and to bring in the other case position either of two other types to the printing point, the various moving means including a system of members on said body in individually operative communication with said type carriers irrespective of the case-shift position of the body, a carriage-feed escapement on the frame, an escapement universal bar operably supported on the case-shift body, and means connecting said carriage feed escapement for operation by said universal bar, including a link having opposite ends associated with the body-carried universal bar and the frame-carried escapement in a line substantially radial to the axis of the case-shift body.

3l. In a typewi'iting machine having a frame and a semi-circular array of type carriers, a case-shift body,

means to support said type carriers on said case-shift body for movement thereon individually in convergent planes, each from a retired to a printing position, said case-shift body mounted on said frame for pivotal caseshift movement about a horizontal axis in front of a line in which said convergent planes meet, means to move said body about said axis to occupy one or another of two case positions, a type block carried on the rear end of each type carrier and comprising an elongate head portion having in each of the case positions of said body in the operated position of the carrier one type in registration with a printing point that is common to all types, the two individual types of each block in the operated position of its type carrier located squarely at the vertexes of two radials which extend from the same point of the case-shift axis squarely therefrom in a plane in which the printing point also lies, and the two types of each block being both in upright alignment with such latter plane, each of said type blocks comprising further a planar flange for fastening it to its related carrier, the ilanges of the type blocks belonging to the different type carriers, in the operating positions of the latter, extending from the type head portions in planes that lie at different angles to the plane in which said radials and said printing point commonly lie in the operated position of the carrier, and the plane in which each ange extends being intersecting the plane in which both said radials and the printing point lie, along a line which is parallel to or coincid- 10; body, means, wholly `supported on thevv case-shiftv body. tov

supporty and guide 1 theltype carriers on said borlyjin con-v vergingplanes thereonj'and 'including means lindividual Yto each type carrier, carried onjsaid body, and differentially,v controllable thereunto Adirect the typegcarrier,onSaidbodyy to take a lowerorj'angupper path in lthe convergingplane in which it is guided, pivotgmeans to supportsaidlcasef'I shift -body ontheframe for.case-shiftingmovements bodily` abouta single horizontal axis;extendinggtransverselyoff the vmachine and atV adistance4 from said printing, point,i means xto= position said .body-with' said" guiding and,` sup,-` porting means andthe type'carriersjhereon about saidv pivot means in oneor another of tworcase-,shift'j positions, any type carrieri'in one;ofA said ftwo.'case-shiftpositionsfof saidb'ody, by operation respectively` in its lower' or in its upper path onl said" body. bringing respectively one, .or anotherA ofsaidfour types-tothe printing point, and the: same type carrier in theother oflftheitwo case-shift positions,ofsaid body; by; operationgrespectively inthe saineA lower or thesame upperpath on `said'bodybringing pre.-` spectivelyfa thirdorja fourth of: saidl four types to the printingpoint; and-'means-y including-twoA type4 keys associated with each type carrier and the differentially controllable means therefor, to operate each type carrier through the said lower or the said upper path on said body regardless of the particular case-shift position the said body may occupy.

33. The invention set forth in claim 32, the machine including type guide means at the proximity of the printing point to steady and guide the type carriers vertically and horizontally as they complete their operations on said body through either of said paths, and means to support said type guide means on the said pivotally supported case-shift body for unitary pivotal movement therewith.

34. In a typewriting machine having a frame and a plurality of type carriers arranged in an arcuate array for operation in converging planes to type at a common printing point, said type carriers having each a plurality of types thereon and each operable from a normal position of retirement to type at said common printing point, a case-shift body; pivot means to support said body on the frame for case-shift movement bodily about a single horizontal axis extending transversely of the machine at a distance from said printing point, means to give said body one or another case-shift position about said pivot means, a plurality of type keys on the frame related to each type carrier, and means to operate each type carrier under selective control of its related type keys in certain different paths on said case-shift body regardless of the particular case-shift position the said body may occupy comprising, means Wholly supported on said caseshift body to support and guide the type carriers on said case-shift body in converging planes thereon and including means individual to each said type carrier, carried on said body, and ditferentially controllable thereon to direct the type carrier on the body to take certain different operating paths in the converging plane in which it is guided, and means controlled by the type keys related to each type carrier to control the differentially controllable means related thereto to direct the type carrier on said body in the said different operating paths depending on the particular key that is operated, the operation of any type carrier severally through its different paths on said body in one case-shift position thereof bringing severally different individual types thereon to the printing point, and the operation of the same type carrier severally through the same paths on the case-shift body while said body is in the other case-shift position, bringing severally di'erent other types to the printing point, each of said key-controlled means comprising means on the frame operatively communicative with the differentially controllable means on the case-shift body irrespective of the case-shift position of the said body.

35. The invention set forth in claim 34, each said operating means for a type carrier comprising a plurality of 23v power actuator means variously selectable for transitoryoperation by its related type keys.

, 36. In a typewriting machine having a frame, and a plurality of type carriers arranged in an arcuate array for operation in converging planes to type at a common printing point, said type carriers having each four types thereon and each operable from a normal position of retirement to type at said common printing point; a caseshift body, pivot means to support said body on said frame for case-shift movements bodily about a single constructive horizontal axis extending transversely of the machine in front of said printing point, means to give said body one or another case-shift position about said pivot means, two type keys on the frame related to each type carrier, and means to operate each type carrier under selective control of its related two type keys in one or another path on said case-shift body regardless of the particular case-shift position such body may occupy, the said operating means comprising, means wholly on said case-shift body to support and guide the type carriers on said case-shift body in converging planes thereon and including means individual to each said type carrier and diierentially controllable on said body to direct the type carrier to take on the body one or another operating path in the plane in which it is guided thereon, and means controlled by the two keys related to each type carrier to control the diierentially controllable means related thereto to direct the type carrier on said body in the said one or the said other operating path depending on the particular key that is operated, the operation of any type carrier through its two dierent paths on said body in one case-shift position thereof bringing one or another type thereon to the printing point, and the operation of the same type carrier through the same two paths on the case-shift body while said body is in the other case-shift position, bringing'a third or a fourth type to the printing point, each of said operating means cornprising a movable element on the frame, a movable ele ment on the case-shift body and a link having a one point of connection with said frame-supported element and another point of connection with said frame-supported element, said points of connection so arranged that respec tively in the two case-shift positions of said body the said other point of connection will lie in respect to a straight line drawn between said one point of connection and the said constructive axis circularly about said axis substantially equally distant from the said straight line.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 758,563 Runge Apr. 26, 1904 1,375,153 Hobbs Apr. 19, 1921 1,945,097 Thompson et al Jan. 20, 1934 2,156,000 Thompson Apr. 25, 1939 2,275,759 Helmond Mar. 10, 1942 2,312,737 Thompson Mar. 2, 1943 2,317,170 Bastow et al Apr. 20, 1943 

